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e978a98265
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9109bd7328
3 changed files with 342 additions and 301 deletions
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const std = @import("std"); |
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const core = @import("mach-core"); |
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const gpu = core.gpu; |
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const zm = @import("zmath"); |
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const vec = zm.f32x4; |
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const Mat = zm.Mat; |
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const App = @import("./main.zig"); |
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const primitives = @import("./primitives.zig"); |
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const VertexData = primitives.VertexData; |
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const PrimitiveData = primitives.PrimitiveData; |
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/// Holds information about how a perticular scene should be rendered. |
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const SceneUniformBuffer = struct { |
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view_proj_matrix: Mat, |
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}; |
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/// Holds information about where and how an object should be rendered. |
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const ObjectUniformBuffer = struct { |
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model_matrix: Mat, |
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color: [3]f32, |
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}; |
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/// Holds data needed to render an object in a rendering pass. |
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const ObjectData = struct { |
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/// Reference to data stored on the GPU of type `ObjectUniformBuffer`. |
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uniform_buffer: *gpu.Buffer, |
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/// Bind group used to associate the buffer to the `object` shader parameter. |
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uniform_bind_group: *gpu.BindGroup, |
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/// Reference to the primitive (shape or model) to render for this object. |
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primitive: *PrimitiveData, |
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}; |
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const Renderer = @This(); |
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app: *App, |
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depth_texture: *gpu.Texture, |
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depth_texture_view: *gpu.TextureView, |
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pipeline: *gpu.RenderPipeline, |
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scene_uniform_buffer: *gpu.Buffer, |
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scene_uniform_bind_group: *gpu.BindGroup, |
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primitive_data: []PrimitiveData, |
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object_data: []ObjectData, |
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pub fn init(app: *App) !*Renderer { |
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// Create a depth texture. This is used to ensure that when things are |
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// rendered, an object behind another won't draw over one in front, simply |
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// because it was rendered at a later point in time. |
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const depth_texture = core.device.createTexture(&.{ |
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.usage = .{ .render_attachment = true }, |
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.size = .{ .width = core.descriptor.width, .height = core.descriptor.height }, |
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.format = .depth24_plus, |
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}); |
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const depth_texture_view = depth_texture.createView(null); |
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const shader_module = core.device.createShaderModuleWGSL("shader.wgsl", @embedFile("shader.wgsl")); |
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defer shader_module.release(); |
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// Set up rendering pipeline. |
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const pipeline = core.device.createRenderPipeline(&.{ |
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.vertex = gpu.VertexState.init(.{ |
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.module = shader_module, |
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.entry_point = "vertex_main", |
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.buffers = &.{ |
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gpu.VertexBufferLayout.init(.{ |
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.array_stride = @sizeOf(VertexData), |
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.step_mode = .vertex, |
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.attributes = &.{ |
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.{ .format = .float32x3, .shader_location = 0, .offset = @offsetOf(VertexData, "position") }, |
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}, |
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}), |
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}, |
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}), |
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.primitive = .{ |
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.topology = .triangle_list, |
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.front_face = .ccw, |
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.cull_mode = .back, |
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}, |
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.depth_stencil = &.{ |
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.format = .depth24_plus, |
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.depth_write_enabled = .true, |
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.depth_compare = .less, |
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}, |
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.fragment = &gpu.FragmentState.init(.{ |
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.module = shader_module, |
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.entry_point = "frag_main", |
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.targets = &.{.{ .format = core.descriptor.format }}, |
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}), |
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}); |
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// Set up scene related uniform buffers and bind groups. |
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const scene_uniform = createAndWriteUniformBuffer( |
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pipeline.getBindGroupLayout(0), |
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SceneUniformBuffer{ .view_proj_matrix = zm.identity() }, |
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); |
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// Set up the primitives we want to render. |
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// |
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// Using `dupe` to allocate a slice here allows easily adjusting the |
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// primitives to use, without changing the type of `primitive_data`. |
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const primitive_data = try app.allocator.dupe(PrimitiveData, &.{ |
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// primitives.createTrianglePrimitive(1.0), |
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// primitives.createSquarePrimitive(0.8), |
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// primitives.createCirclePrimitive(0.5, 24), |
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primitives.createCubePrimitive(0.65), |
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primitives.createPyramidPrimitive(0.75), |
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}); |
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// Set up object related uniform buffers and bind groups. |
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// This uploads data to the GPU about all the object we |
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// want to render, such as their location and color. |
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const grid_size = 8; |
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// Allocate a slice to store as many ObjectData as we want to create. |
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// |
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// Using a slice instead of an array means that we could change how |
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// many object we want to render at compile time, however it requires |
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// allocating, and later freeing, memory to store the slice. |
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const object_data = try app.allocator.alloc(ObjectData, grid_size * grid_size); |
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// Note that for loops in Zig are a little different than you might |
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// know from other languages. They only look over arrays, slices, |
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// tuples and ranges, potentially multiple at once. |
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for (object_data, 0..) |*object, i| { |
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const grid_max: f32 = @floatFromInt(grid_size - 1); |
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const x = @as(f32, @floatFromInt(i % grid_size)) / grid_max; |
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const z = @as(f32, @floatFromInt(i / grid_size)) / grid_max; |
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const rotation = zm.rotationY(std.math.tau * (x + z) / 2.0); |
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const translation = zm.translation((x - 0.5) * grid_size, 0, (z - 0.5) * grid_size); |
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const model_matrix = zm.mul(rotation, translation); |
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// Make the object have a color depending on its location in the grid. |
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// These values are layed out so each corner is red, green, blue and black. |
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const color = .{ |
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std.math.clamp(1.0 - x - z, 0.0, 1.0), |
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std.math.clamp(x - z, 0.0, 1.0), |
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std.math.clamp(z - x, 0.0, 1.0), |
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}; |
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const object_uniform = createAndWriteUniformBuffer( |
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pipeline.getBindGroupLayout(1), |
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ObjectUniformBuffer{ |
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.model_matrix = zm.transpose(model_matrix), |
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.color = color, |
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}, |
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); |
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// Pick a "random" primitive to use for this object. |
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const primitive_index = app.random.int(usize) % primitive_data.len; |
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const primitive = &primitive_data[primitive_index]; |
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// The `*object` syntax gets us a pointer to each element in the |
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// `object_data` slice, allowing us to override it within the loop. |
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object.* = .{ |
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.uniform_buffer = object_uniform.buffer, |
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.uniform_bind_group = object_uniform.bind_group, |
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.primitive = primitive, |
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}; |
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} |
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const result = try app.allocator.create(Renderer); |
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result.* = .{ |
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.app = app, |
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.depth_texture = depth_texture, |
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.depth_texture_view = depth_texture_view, |
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.pipeline = pipeline, |
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.scene_uniform_buffer = scene_uniform.buffer, |
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.scene_uniform_bind_group = scene_uniform.bind_group, |
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.primitive_data = primitive_data, |
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.object_data = object_data, |
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}; |
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return result; |
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} |
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pub fn deinit(self: *Renderer) void { |
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// Using `defer` here, so we can specify them |
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// in the order they were created in `init`. |
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defer self.app.allocator.destroy(self); |
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defer self.depth_texture.release(); |
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defer self.depth_texture_view.release(); |
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defer self.pipeline.release(); |
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defer self.scene_uniform_buffer.release(); |
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defer self.scene_uniform_bind_group.release(); |
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defer self.app.allocator.free(self.primitive_data); |
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defer for (self.primitive_data) |p| { |
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p.vertex_buffer.release(); |
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p.index_buffer.release(); |
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}; |
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defer self.app.allocator.free(self.object_data); |
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defer for (self.object_data) |o| { |
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o.uniform_buffer.release(); |
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o.uniform_bind_group.release(); |
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}; |
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} |
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pub fn update(self: *Renderer) void { |
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// Set up a view matrix from the camera transform. |
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// This moves everything to be relative to the camera. |
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// TODO: Actually implement camera transform instead of hardcoding a look-at matrix. |
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// const view_matrix = zm.inverse(app.camera_transform); |
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const time = self.app.app_timer.read(); |
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const camera_distance = 8.0; |
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const x = @cos(time * std.math.tau / 20) * camera_distance; |
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const z = @sin(time * std.math.tau / 20) * camera_distance; |
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const camera_pos = vec(x, 2.0, z, 1.0); |
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const view_matrix = zm.lookAtLh(camera_pos, vec(0, 0, 0, 1), vec(0, 1, 0, 1)); |
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// Set up a projection matrix using the size of the window. |
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// The perspective projection will make things further away appear smaller. |
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const width: f32 = @floatFromInt(core.descriptor.width); |
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const height: f32 = @floatFromInt(core.descriptor.height); |
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const field_of_view = std.math.degreesToRadians(f32, 45.0); |
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const proj_matrix = zm.perspectiveFovLh(field_of_view, width / height, 0.05, 80.0); |
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const view_proj_matrix = zm.mul(view_matrix, proj_matrix); |
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// Get back buffer texture to render to. |
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const back_buffer_view = core.swap_chain.getCurrentTextureView().?; |
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defer back_buffer_view.release(); |
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// Once rendering is done (hence `defer`), swap back buffer to the front to display. |
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defer core.swap_chain.present(); |
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const render_pass_info = gpu.RenderPassDescriptor.init(.{ |
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.color_attachments = &.{.{ |
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.view = back_buffer_view, |
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.clear_value = std.mem.zeroes(gpu.Color), |
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.load_op = .clear, |
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.store_op = .store, |
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}}, |
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.depth_stencil_attachment = &.{ |
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.view = self.depth_texture_view, |
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.depth_load_op = .clear, |
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.depth_store_op = .store, |
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.depth_clear_value = 1.0, |
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}, |
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}); |
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// Create a `WGPUCommandEncoder` which provides an interface for recording GPU commands. |
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const encoder = core.device.createCommandEncoder(null); |
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defer encoder.release(); |
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// Write to the scene uniform buffer for this set of commands. |
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encoder.writeBuffer(self.scene_uniform_buffer, 0, &[_]SceneUniformBuffer{.{ |
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// All matrices the GPU has to work with need to be transposed, |
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// because WebGPU uses column-major matrices while zmath is row-major. |
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.view_proj_matrix = zm.transpose(view_proj_matrix), |
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}}); |
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{ |
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const pass = encoder.beginRenderPass(&render_pass_info); |
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defer pass.release(); |
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defer pass.end(); |
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pass.setPipeline(self.pipeline); |
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pass.setBindGroup(0, self.scene_uniform_bind_group, &.{}); |
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for (self.object_data) |object| { |
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// Set the vertex and index buffer used to render this object |
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// to the primitive it wants to use (either triangle or square). |
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const prim = object.primitive; |
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pass.setVertexBuffer(0, prim.vertex_buffer, 0, prim.vertex_count * @sizeOf(VertexData)); |
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pass.setIndexBuffer(prim.index_buffer, .uint32, 0, prim.index_count * @sizeOf(u32)); |
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// Set the bind group for an object we want to render. |
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pass.setBindGroup(1, object.uniform_bind_group, &.{}); |
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// Draw a number of triangles as specified in the index buffer. |
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pass.drawIndexed(prim.index_count, 1, 0, 0, 0); |
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} |
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} |
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// Finish recording commands, creating a `WGPUCommandBuffer`. |
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var command = encoder.finish(null); |
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defer command.release(); |
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// Submit the command(s) to the GPU. |
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core.queue.submit(&.{command}); |
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} |
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/// Creates a buffer on the GPU to store uniform parameter information as |
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/// well as a bind group with the specified layout pointing to that buffer. |
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/// Additionally, immediately fills the buffer with the provided data. |
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pub fn createAndWriteUniformBuffer( |
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layout: *gpu.BindGroupLayout, |
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data: anytype, |
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) struct { |
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buffer: *gpu.Buffer, |
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bind_group: *gpu.BindGroup, |
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} { |
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const T = @TypeOf(data); |
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const usage = gpu.Buffer.UsageFlags{ .copy_dst = true, .uniform = true }; |
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const buffer = createAndWriteBuffer(T, &.{data}, usage); |
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// "Bind groups" are used to associate data from buffers with shader parameters. |
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// So for example the `scene_uniform_bind_group` is accessible via `scene` in our shader. |
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// Essentially, buffer = data, and bind group = binding parameter to that data. |
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const bind_group_entry = gpu.BindGroup.Entry.buffer(0, buffer, 0, @sizeOf(T)); |
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const bind_group_desc = gpu.BindGroup.Descriptor.init(.{ .layout = layout, .entries = &.{bind_group_entry} }); |
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const bind_group = core.device.createBindGroup(&bind_group_desc); |
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return .{ .buffer = buffer, .bind_group = bind_group }; |
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} |
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/// Creates a buffer on the GPU with the specified usage |
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/// flags and immediately fills it with the provided data. |
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pub fn createAndWriteBuffer( |
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comptime T: type, |
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data: []const T, |
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usage: gpu.Buffer.UsageFlags, |
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) *gpu.Buffer { |
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const buffer = core.device.createBuffer(&.{ |
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.size = data.len * @sizeOf(T), |
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.usage = usage, |
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.mapped_at_creation = .false, |
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}); |
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core.queue.writeBuffer(buffer, 0, data); |
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return buffer; |
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} |
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Reference in new issue