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@ -6,11 +6,6 @@ const zm = @import("zmath"); |
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const vec = zm.f32x4; |
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const Mat = zm.Mat; |
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/// Describes the layout of each vertex that a primitive is made of. |
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const VertexData = struct { |
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position: [3]f32, |
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}; |
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/// Holds information about how a perticular scene should be rendered. |
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const SceneUniformBuffer = struct { |
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view_proj_matrix: zm.Mat, |
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@ -22,18 +17,43 @@ const ObjectUniformBuffer = struct { |
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color: [3]f32, |
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}; |
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/// Describes the layout of each vertex that a primitive is made of. |
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const VertexData = struct { |
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position: [3]f32, |
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}; |
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/// Contains the data to render a primitive (3D shape or model). |
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const PrimitiveData = struct { |
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/// Vertices describe the "points" that a primitive is made out of. |
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/// This buffer is of type `[]VertexData`. |
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vertex_buffer: *gpu.Buffer, |
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vertex_count: u32, |
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/// Indices describe what vertices make up the triangles in a primitive. |
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/// This buffer is of type `[]u32`. |
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index_buffer: *gpu.Buffer, |
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index_count: u32, |
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// For example, `vertex_buffer` may have 4 points defining a square, but |
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// since it needs to be rendered using 2 triangles, `index_buffer` will |
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// contain 6 entries, `0, 1, 2` and `3, 2, 1` making up one triangle each. |
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}; |
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pub const App = @This(); |
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app_timer: core.Timer, |
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title_timer: core.Timer, |
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pipeline: *gpu.RenderPipeline, |
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scene_uniform_buffer: *gpu.Buffer, |
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scene_bind_group: *gpu.BindGroup, |
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object_uniform_buffers: [3]*gpu.Buffer, |
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object_bind_groups: [3]*gpu.BindGroup, |
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vertex_count: u32, |
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vertex_buffer: *gpu.Buffer, |
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object_primitive_indices: [3]usize, |
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primitives: [2]PrimitiveData, |
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pub fn init(app: *App) !void { |
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try core.init(.{}); |
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@ -64,6 +84,11 @@ pub fn init(app: *App) !void { |
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.entry_point = "frag_main", |
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.targets = &.{.{ .format = core.descriptor.format }}, |
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}), |
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.primitive = .{ |
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.topology = .triangle_list, |
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.front_face = .ccw, |
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.cull_mode = .back, |
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}, |
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}); |
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// Set up uniform buffers and bind groups. |
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@ -74,6 +99,9 @@ pub fn init(app: *App) !void { |
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.size = @sizeOf(SceneUniformBuffer), |
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.mapped_at_creation = .false, |
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}); |
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// "Bind groups" are used to associate data from buffers with shader parameters. |
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// So for example the `scene_bind_group` is accessible via `scene` in our shader. |
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// Essentially, buffer = data, and bind group = binding parameter to that data. |
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app.scene_bind_group = core.device.createBindGroup( |
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&gpu.BindGroup.Descriptor.init(.{ |
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.layout = app.pipeline.getBindGroupLayout(0), |
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@ -100,33 +128,90 @@ pub fn init(app: *App) !void { |
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); |
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} |
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// Upload object information (model matrix + color) to the GPU. |
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const rotation = zm.rotationY(std.math.tau / 2.0); |
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// The objects are rotated 180° to face the camera, or else we |
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// would see the back side of the triangles, which are culled. |
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core.queue.writeBuffer(app.object_uniform_buffers[0], 0, &[_]ObjectUniformBuffer{.{ |
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.model_matrix = zm.transpose(zm.translation(-1.0, 0.25, 0.0)), |
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.model_matrix = zm.transpose(zm.mul(rotation, zm.translation(-1.0, 0.25, 0.0))), |
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.color = .{ 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 }, |
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}}); |
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app.object_primitive_indices[0] = 0; |
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core.queue.writeBuffer(app.object_uniform_buffers[1], 0, &[_]ObjectUniformBuffer{.{ |
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.model_matrix = zm.transpose(zm.translation(0.0, -0.25, 0.0)), |
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.model_matrix = zm.transpose(zm.mul(rotation, zm.translation(0.0, -0.25, 0.0))), |
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.color = .{ 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 }, |
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}}); |
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app.object_primitive_indices[1] = 1; |
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core.queue.writeBuffer(app.object_uniform_buffers[2], 0, &[_]ObjectUniformBuffer{.{ |
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.model_matrix = zm.transpose(zm.translation(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)), |
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.model_matrix = zm.transpose(zm.mul(rotation, zm.translation(1.0, 0.0, 0.0))), |
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.color = .{ 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 }, |
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}}); |
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app.object_primitive_indices[2] = 0; |
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// Set up vertex buffer, containing the vertex data we want to draw. |
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const vertices = [_]VertexData{ |
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.{ .position = .{ 0.0, 0.5, 0.0 } }, |
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.{ .position = .{ -0.5, -0.5, 0.0 } }, |
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.{ .position = .{ 0.5, -0.5, 0.0 } }, |
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}; |
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app.vertex_count = vertices.len; |
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app.vertex_buffer = core.device.createBuffer(&.{ |
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.size = app.vertex_count * @sizeOf(VertexData), |
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.usage = .{ .vertex = true, .copy_dst = true }, |
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// Set up the primitives we want to render. |
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// Triangle |
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app.primitives[0] = createPrimitive( |
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&.{ |
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.{ .position = .{ 0.0, 0.5, 0.0 } }, |
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.{ .position = .{ 0.5, -0.5, 0.0 } }, |
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.{ .position = .{ -0.5, -0.5, 0.0 } }, |
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}, |
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// Note that the back faces of triangles are "culled", and thus not visible. |
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// We need to take care to specify the vertices in counter-clock orientation. |
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&.{ |
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0, 1, 2, |
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}, |
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); |
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// Square |
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app.primitives[1] = createPrimitive( |
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// 0--2 |
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// | | |
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// | | |
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// 1--3 |
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&.{ |
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.{ .position = .{ -0.5, -0.5, 0.0 } }, |
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.{ .position = .{ -0.5, 0.5, 0.0 } }, |
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.{ .position = .{ 0.5, -0.5, 0.0 } }, |
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.{ .position = .{ 0.5, 0.5, 0.0 } }, |
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}, |
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// 0--2 4 |
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// | / /| |
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// |/ / | |
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// 1 5--3 |
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&.{ |
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0, 1, 2, |
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3, 2, 1, |
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}, |
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); |
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} |
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/// Creates a buffer on the GPU with the specified usage |
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/// flags and immediately fills it with the provided data. |
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fn createAndWriteBuffer( |
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comptime T: type, |
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data: []const T, |
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usage: gpu.Buffer.UsageFlags, |
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) *gpu.Buffer { |
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const buffer = core.device.createBuffer(&.{ |
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.size = data.len * @sizeOf(T), |
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.usage = usage, |
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.mapped_at_creation = .false, |
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}); |
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// Upload vertex buffer to the GPU. |
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core.queue.writeBuffer(app.vertex_buffer, 0, &vertices); |
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core.queue.writeBuffer(buffer, 0, data); |
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return buffer; |
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} |
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// Creates a primitive from the provided vertices and indices, |
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// and uploads the buffers necessary to render it to the GPU. |
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fn createPrimitive( |
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vertices: []const VertexData, |
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indices: []const u32, |
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) PrimitiveData { |
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return .{ |
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.vertex_buffer = createAndWriteBuffer(VertexData, vertices, .{ .vertex = true, .copy_dst = true }), |
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.vertex_count = @intCast(vertices.len), |
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.index_buffer = createAndWriteBuffer(u32, indices, .{ .index = true, .copy_dst = true }), |
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.index_count = @intCast(indices.len), |
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}; |
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} |
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pub fn deinit(app: *App) void { |
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@ -138,7 +223,10 @@ pub fn deinit(app: *App) void { |
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defer app.scene_bind_group.release(); |
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defer for (app.object_uniform_buffers) |b| b.release(); |
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defer for (app.object_bind_groups) |g| g.release(); |
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defer app.vertex_buffer.release(); |
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defer for (app.primitives) |p| { |
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p.vertex_buffer.release(); |
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p.index_buffer.release(); |
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}; |
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} |
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pub fn update(app: *App) !bool { |
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@ -201,13 +289,20 @@ pub fn update(app: *App) !bool { |
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pass.setPipeline(app.pipeline); |
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pass.setBindGroup(0, app.scene_bind_group, &.{}); |
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pass.setVertexBuffer(0, app.vertex_buffer, 0, app.vertex_count * @sizeOf(VertexData)); |
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for (app.object_bind_groups) |object_bind_group| { |
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for (app.object_bind_groups, 0..) |object_bind_group, i| { |
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// Set the vertex and index buffer used to render this object |
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// to the primitive it wants to use (either triangle or square). |
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const primitive_index = app.object_primitive_indices[i]; |
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const primitive = app.primitives[primitive_index]; |
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pass.setVertexBuffer(0, primitive.vertex_buffer, 0, primitive.vertex_count * @sizeOf(VertexData)); |
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pass.setIndexBuffer(primitive.index_buffer, .uint32, 0, primitive.index_count * @sizeOf(u32)); |
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// Set the bind group for an object we want to render. |
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pass.setBindGroup(1, object_bind_group, &.{}); |
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// Draw the vertices in `vertex_buffer`. |
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pass.draw(app.vertex_count, 1, 0, 0); |
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// Draw a number of triangles as specified in the index buffer. |
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pass.drawIndexed(primitive.index_count, 1, 0, 0, 0); |
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} |
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} |
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