SlimeDream/terrain/Terrain.cs

public partial class Terrain
	: StaticBody3D
{
	[Export] public Vector2I Size { get; set; } = new(64, 64);
	[Export] public float TileSize { get; set; } = 2.0f;

	[Export] public Godot.Collections.Array<Texture2D> Textures { get; set; }

	// If value at position non-existant => [ 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
	// If value at position is float     => [ v, v, v, v ]
	// If value at position is float[]   => value
	[Export] public Godot.Collections.Dictionary<Vector2I, Variant> Tiles { get; set; }


	Material _editToolMaterial;
	Material _terrainMaterial;
	public override void _Ready()
	{
		_editToolMaterial = new StandardMaterial3D {
			VertexColorUseAsAlbedo = true,
			ShadingMode   = BaseMaterial3D.ShadingModeEnum.Unshaded,
			DepthDrawMode = BaseMaterial3D.DepthDrawModeEnum.Disabled,
			NoDepthTest   = true,
		};

		_terrainMaterial = new StandardMaterial3D {
			AlbedoTexture = Textures?.FirstOrDefault(),
		};

		UpdateMeshAndShape();
	}


	public bool Contains(TilePos pos)
		=> (pos.X >= 0) && (pos.X < Size.X)
		&& (pos.Y >= 0) && (pos.Y < Size.Y);

	/// <summary> Transforms a 3D position local to the equivalent tile position. </summary>
	public TilePos ToTilePos(Vector3 localPos)
		=> new(RoundToInt(localPos.X / TileSize + Size.X / 2.0f),
		       RoundToInt(localPos.Z / TileSize + Size.Y / 2.0f));

	public Corners<float> GetCornerHeights(TilePos pos)
		=> GetTileRaw(pos) switch {
			{ VariantType: Variant.Type.Nil }                  => default,
			{ VariantType: Variant.Type.Float } v              => Corners<float>.From((float)v),
			{ VariantType: Variant.Type.PackedFloat32Array } v => Corners<float>.From((float[])v),
			_ => throw new Exception("Invalid type in Points dictionary"),
		};

	public void SetCornerHeight(TilePos pos, Corner corner, float value)
		=> SetCornerHeights(pos, default(Corners<float?>).With(corner, value));
	public void SetCornerHeights(TilePos pos, Corners<float> values)
		=> SetCornerHeights(pos, new Corners<float?>(values.TopLeft, values.TopRight, values.BottomRight, values.BottomLeft));
	public void SetCornerHeights(TilePos pos, Corners<float?> values)
	{
		if (!Contains(pos)) return;

		var current = GetCornerHeights(pos);
		var changed = false;

		foreach (var corner in Enum.GetValues<Corner>())
			if (values[corner] is float value)
				{ current = current.With(corner, value); changed = true; }
		if (!changed) return;

		if      (current.IsZeroApprox())  RemoveTileRaw(pos);
		else if (current.IsEqualApprox()) SetTileRaw(pos, current.TopLeft);
		else                              SetTileRaw(pos, current.ToArray());
	}

	public void SetTileHeight(TilePos pos, float value)
	{
		if (!Contains(pos)) return;
		if (IsZeroApprox(value)) RemoveTileRaw(pos);
		else                     SetTileRaw(pos, value);
	}

	public void AdjustTileHeight(TilePos pos, float relative)
	{
		if (relative == 0) return;
		if (!Contains(pos)) return;
		switch (GetTileRaw(pos)) {
			case { VariantType: Variant.Type.Nil }:
				SetTileRaw(pos, relative);
				break;
			case { VariantType: Variant.Type.Float } num:
				var newNum = (float)num + relative;
				if (IsZeroApprox(newNum)) RemoveTileRaw(pos);
				else                      SetTileRaw(pos, newNum);
				break;
			case { VariantType: Variant.Type.PackedFloat32Array } nums:
				var newNums = (float[])nums;
				for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) newNums[i] += relative;
				SetTileRaw(pos, newNums);
				break;
			default: throw new Exception("Invalid type in Points dictionary");
		};
	}

	public Corners<Vector3> GetCornersPosition(TilePos pos)
	{
		var heights = GetCornerHeights(pos);
		var vx   = (pos.X - Size.X / 2.0f) * TileSize;
		var vz   = (pos.Y - Size.Y / 2.0f) * TileSize;
		var half = TileSize / 2;
		return new(new(vx - half, heights[Corner.TopLeft    ], vz - half),
		           new(vx + half, heights[Corner.TopRight   ], vz - half),
		           new(vx + half, heights[Corner.BottomRight], vz + half),
		           new(vx - half, heights[Corner.BottomLeft ], vz + half));
	}

	Variant GetTileRaw(TilePos pos)
		=> (Tiles?.TryGetValue(pos.ToVector2I(), out var result) == true) ? result : default;
	void SetTileRaw(TilePos pos, Variant value)
		=> (Tiles ??= [])[pos.ToVector2I()] = value;
	void RemoveTileRaw(TilePos pos)
		=> Tiles?.Remove(pos.ToVector2I());


	void UpdateMeshAndShape()
	{
		var mesh  = GetOrCreateMesh("MeshInstance");
		var shape = GetOrCreateShape("CollisionShape");

		mesh.ClearSurfaces();
		mesh.SurfaceBegin(Mesh.PrimitiveType.Triangles);
		var points = new List<Vector3>();

		void AddPoint(Vector3 pos, Vector2 uv) {
			mesh.SurfaceSetUV(uv);
			mesh.SurfaceAddVertex(pos);
			points.Add(pos);
		}

		void AddTriangle(Vector3 v1, Vector2 uv1,
		                 Vector3 v2, Vector2 uv2,
		                 Vector3 v3, Vector2 uv3) {
			var dir = (v3 - v1).Cross(v2 - v1);
			mesh.SurfaceSetNormal(dir.Normalized());
			AddPoint(v1, uv1);
			AddPoint(v2, uv2);
			AddPoint(v3, uv3);
		}

		for (var x = 0; x < Size.X; x++)
			for (var z = 0; z < Size.Y; z++) {
				var corners = GetCornersPosition(new(x, z));

				// Find the "ideal way" to split the quad for the tile into two triangles.
				// This is done by finding the corner with the least variance between its neighboring corners.
				var sorted  = corners.ToSorted((a, b) => a.Y.CompareTo(b.Y));
				var minDiff = Abs(sorted[0].Value.Y - sorted[2].Value.Y); // Difference between lowest and 3rd lowest point.
				var maxDiff = Abs(sorted[3].Value.Y - sorted[1].Value.Y); // Difference between highest and 3rd highest point.

				var first = sorted[(minDiff > maxDiff) ? 0 : 3].Corner;
				if (first is Corner.TopLeft or Corner.BottomRight) {
					AddTriangle(corners.TopLeft    , new(0.0f, 0.0f),
								corners.TopRight   , new(1.0f, 0.0f),
								corners.BottomLeft , new(0.0f, 1.0f));
					AddTriangle(corners.TopRight   , new(1.0f, 0.0f),
								corners.BottomRight, new(1.0f, 1.0f),
								corners.BottomLeft , new(0.0f, 1.0f));
				} else {
					AddTriangle(corners.TopRight   , new(1.0f, 0.0f),
								corners.BottomRight, new(1.0f, 1.0f),
								corners.TopLeft    , new(0.0f, 0.0f));
					AddTriangle(corners.BottomRight, new(1.0f, 1.0f),
								corners.BottomLeft , new(0.0f, 1.0f),
								corners.TopLeft    , new(0.0f, 0.0f));
				}
			}

		mesh.SurfaceEnd();
		mesh.SurfaceSetMaterial(0, _terrainMaterial);

		shape.Data = [.. points];
	}


	ImmediateMesh GetOrCreateMesh(string name)
	{
		var meshInstance = (MeshInstance3D)GetNodeOrNull(name);
		if (meshInstance == null) {
			meshInstance = new() { Name = name, Mesh = new ImmediateMesh() };
			AddChild(meshInstance);
			meshInstance.Owner = this;
		}
		return (ImmediateMesh)meshInstance.Mesh;
	}

	ConcavePolygonShape3D GetOrCreateShape(string name)
	{
		var collisionShape = (CollisionShape3D)GetNodeOrNull(name);
		if (collisionShape == null) {
			collisionShape = new() { Name = name, Shape = new ConcavePolygonShape3D() };
			AddChild(collisionShape);
			collisionShape.Owner = this;
		}
		return (ConcavePolygonShape3D)collisionShape.Shape;
	}


	public readonly record struct TilePos(int X, int Y)
	{
		public TilePos GetNeighbor(Side side)
			=> side switch {
				Side.Left   => new(X - 1, Y),
				Side.Top    => new(X, Y - 1),
				Side.Right  => new(X + 1, Y),
				Side.Bottom => new(X, Y + 1),
				_ => throw new ArgumentException($"Invalid Side value '{side}'", nameof(side)),
			};

		public TilePos GetNeighbor(Corner corner)
			=> corner switch {
				Corner.TopLeft     => new(X - 1, Y - 1),
				Corner.TopRight    => new(X + 1, Y - 1),
				Corner.BottomRight => new(X + 1, Y + 1),
				Corner.BottomLeft  => new(X - 1, Y + 1),
				_ => throw new ArgumentException($"Invalid Corner value '{corner}'", nameof(corner)),
			};

		public static TilePos From(Vector2I value) => new(value.X, value.Y);
		public Vector2I ToVector2I() => new(X, Y);
	}

	public readonly record struct Corners<T>
		(T TopLeft, T TopRight, T BottomRight, T BottomLeft)
	{
		public T this[Corner corner] {
			get => corner switch {
				Corner.TopLeft     => TopLeft,
				Corner.TopRight    => TopRight,
				Corner.BottomRight => BottomRight,
				Corner.BottomLeft  => BottomLeft,
				_ => throw new ArgumentException($"Invalid Corner value '{corner}'", nameof(corner)),
			};
			init { switch (corner) {
				case Corner.TopLeft     : TopLeft     = value; break;
				case Corner.TopRight    : TopRight    = value; break;
				case Corner.BottomRight : BottomRight = value; break;
				case Corner.BottomLeft  : BottomLeft  = value; break;
				default: throw new ArgumentException($"Invalid Corner value '{corner}'", nameof(corner));
			} }
		}

		public static Corners<T> From(T value) => new()
			{ TopLeft = value, TopRight = value, BottomRight = value, BottomLeft = value };
		public static Corners<T> From(T[] values) => new()
			{ TopLeft = values[0], TopRight = values[1], BottomRight = values[2], BottomLeft = values[3] };

		public Corners<T> With(Corner corner, T value)
			=> new((corner == Corner.TopLeft)     ? value : TopLeft,
			       (corner == Corner.TopRight)    ? value : TopRight,
			       (corner == Corner.BottomRight) ? value : BottomRight,
			       (corner == Corner.BottomLeft)  ? value : BottomLeft);

		public T[] ToArray()
			=> [ TopLeft, TopRight, BottomRight, BottomLeft ];

		public (Corner Corner, T Value)[] ToSorted(Comparison<T> comparison)
		{
			var result = new (Corner Corner, T Value)[] {
				(Corner.TopLeft     , TopLeft    ),
				(Corner.TopRight    , TopRight   ),
				(Corner.BottomRight , BottomRight),
				(Corner.BottomLeft  , BottomLeft ),
			};
			Array.Sort(result, (a, b) => comparison(a.Value, b.Value));
			return result;
		}
	}
}

public static class CornersExtensions
{
	public static bool IsZeroApprox(this Terrain.Corners<float> self)
		=> Mathf.IsZeroApprox(self.TopLeft)     && Mathf.IsZeroApprox(self.TopRight)
		&& Mathf.IsZeroApprox(self.BottomRight) && Mathf.IsZeroApprox(self.BottomLeft);

	public static bool IsEqualApprox(this Terrain.Corners<float> self)
		=> Mathf.IsEqualApprox(self.TopLeft, self.TopRight)
		&& Mathf.IsEqualApprox(self.TopLeft, self.BottomRight)
		&& Mathf.IsEqualApprox(self.TopLeft, self.BottomLeft);
}

// TODO: Put this in a different file.
public static class TerrainExtensions
{
	public static (Corner, Corner) GetCorners(this Side side)
		=> side switch {
			Side.Left   => (Corner.TopLeft, Corner.BottomLeft),
			Side.Top    => (Corner.TopLeft, Corner.TopRight),
			Side.Right  => (Corner.TopRight, Corner.BottomRight),
			Side.Bottom => (Corner.BottomLeft, Corner.BottomRight),
			_ => throw new ArgumentException($"Invalid Side value '{side}'", nameof(side)),
		};

	public static Side GetOpposite(this Side side)
		=> side switch {
			Side.Left   => Side.Right,
			Side.Top    => Side.Bottom,
			Side.Right  => Side.Left,
			Side.Bottom => Side.Top,
			_ => throw new ArgumentException($"Invalid Side value '{side}'", nameof(side)),
		};

	public static Corner GetOpposite(this Corner corner)
		=> corner switch {
			Corner.TopLeft     => Corner.BottomRight,
			Corner.TopRight    => Corner.BottomLeft,
			Corner.BottomRight => Corner.TopLeft,
			Corner.BottomLeft  => Corner.TopRight,
			_ => throw new ArgumentException($"Invalid Corner value '{corner}'", nameof(corner)),
		};
}